Talk with your doctor before using milk thistle if: Milk thistles antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties could potentially deliver a number of health benefits. Brinda, B. J., Zhu, H. J., and Markowitz, J. S. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous analysis of the major active components of silymarin in human plasma. Keep the seeds and leaves in the freezer to make them last longer and retain their powerful nutrients. What Is Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health? Treatment of hepatitis C-virus-reinfection after liver transplant with silibinin in nonresponders to pegylated interferon-based therapy. Prog.Clin Biol Res 1986;213:319-331. You can see why liver problems and poor liver function can create so many problems! Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(1):2-8. View abstract. The most common side effects arent serious and include gastrointestinal upset, such as a mild laxative effect. Ren Fail. The best doses of milk thistle have not been established for any condition it may be used to treat. Sonnenbichler J and Zetl I. The valuable antioxidants found in milk thistle have been reported in experimental and clinical studies to help decrease blood sugar levels in people with insulin resistance. This is likely true because the liver is partially responsible for regulating hormones, including the release of insulin into the bloodstream. View abstract. Milk thistle may produce allergic reactions, which tend to be more common among people who are allergic to plants in the same family (for example, ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, and daisy). View abstract. Other less common side effects are nausea, diarrhea, indigestion, intestinal gas, bloating, fullness or pain, and loss of appetite. View abstract. Some of these medications changed by the liver include acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and oxazepam (Serax), haloperidol (Haldol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), morphine (MS Contin, Roxanol), zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir), and others. Kanna Extract: Can This Herb Benefit the Brain? Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: About Herbs: Milk thistle., Natural Standard Patient Monograph: Milk thistle.. Protection against microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity by Silymarin: biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality. (2013.) View abstract. A small number of studies have suggested that milk thistle extract might be beneficial for diabetes, but the conclusions about its effectiveness are not definite. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. 7-14-1978;73(28-29):1060-1065. People who have diabetes or endometriosis should check with a doctor before using milk thistle. Arzneimittelforschung. De Martiis, M., Fontana, M., Assogna, G., D'Ottavi, R., and D'Ottavi, O. Moosavifar, N., Mohammadpour, A. H., Jallali, M., Karimiz, G., and Saberi, H. Evaluation of effect of silymarin on granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular development in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. View abstract. Widely available as a supplement, you can get it as a powder, in capsules, or as an extract. Studies have shown a decrease in blood sugar levels and an improvement in cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes. The downside? (silymarin) in the treatment of type II diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Marena C and Lampertico M. Preliminary clinical development of silipide: a new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Occasionally, people report various digestive side effects. 1998;48(11):1104-1106. We rounded up the best Whole30 meal delivery service to help you save lots of kitchen time and label-reading energy. Milk thistle is taken by mouth most often for liver disorders, including liver damage caused by chemicals, alcohol, and chemotherapy, as well as liver damage caused by Amanita phalloides (death cap) mushroom poisoning, jaundice, chronic inflammatory liver disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and chronic hepatitis. Telecommunications relay service (TRS): 7-1-1, Email: info@nccih.nih.gov (link sends email). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000;10:157-60. Feher J, Deak G, Muzes G, et al. View abstract. View abstract. with fluoxetine in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. View abstract. Savio, D., Harrasser, P. C., and Basso, G. Softgel capsule technology as an enhancer device for the absorption of natural principles in humans. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, Xu Q, Chen X. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. Taking milk thistle along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. View abstract. View abstract. Benefit of medicinal liver therapy in general practice. Theoretically, milk thistle might change the levels of some medications used for lowering cholesterol (statins). The efficacy of silybum marianum (L.) gaertn. Acta Med Hung 1988;45:249-56. Salmi HA, Sarna S. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. While its tempting to believe that anything with antioxidants = really good for you, the truth is, theres only a small amount of evidence backing milk thistles potential health benefits and not much showing that itll do anything to help your hangover (damn). Silymarin, a chemical found in milk thistle, can decrease blood sugar levels. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Coadministration of milk thistle and indinavir in healthy subjects. 2008;5(4):665-671. View abstract. Lee JI, Narayan M, Barrett JS. If youve ever heard anything about milk thistle a prickly plant named for the white veins on its leaves it might be that it can help your liver detox after a big night of boozing. This could increase the effects and side effects of sirolimus (Rapamune). People who are allergic to artichokes, kiwi, ragweed, daisies, marigolds, and chrysanthemums are at higher risk. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you take any medications that are changed by the liver. View abstract. Here's what we found out. Fish are among the healthiest omega-3 foods out there. Some people take milk thistle by mouth for diabetes, kidney damage caused by diabetes, hangover, diseases of the spleen, prostate cancer, inflammation in the lungs and chest, malaria, depression, uterine complaints, increasing breast milk flow, allergy symptoms, starting menstrual flow, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, high cholesterol, and menopausal symptoms. 1993;13(12):725-6, 708. Phytomedicine. Theres some evidence that milk thistle can treat cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, which can be caused by alcohol abuse, autoimmune disease, or viruses. The flavanolignan silybin and its hemisynthetic derivatives, a novel series of potential modulators of P-glycoprotein. Long-term (12 months) treatment with an anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic diabetic patients. View abstract. J Herb Pharmacother 2002;2:11-7. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. View abstract. Milk thistle is also taken by mouth for loss of appetite, heartburn (dyspepsia), gallbladder complaints, enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia), a blood disorder called beta-thalassemia, and infertility. Milk thistles protective qualities of the skin make it great for reducing visible signs ofaging, so consuming milk thistle may be an easy way to prevent skin cancer and skin damage, such as acne, dark spots, wrinkles, lines and discoloration. Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Siegal A, et al. View abstract. If you are taking any medications, speak with your health care provider to prevent any milk thistle interactions before starting supplementation. 1997;15(1):27-33. This antioxidant stimulates protein synthesis and changes the outside layer of healthy cells, keeping them protected from damage and mutation. Morteza M, et al. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Biochem.Pharmacol 10-12-1995;50(8):1313-1316. Yakoot, M. and Salem, A. Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Sonnenbichler, J., Goldberg, M., Hane, L., Madubunyi, I., Vogl, S., and Zetl, I. Stimulatory effect of Silibinin on the DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomized rat livers: non-response in hepatoma and other malign cell lines. View abstract. View abstract. But milk thistle does not seem to affect how quickly the body breaks down indinavir (Reyataz). Theres conflicting research on the benefits of milk thistle for liver health. Don't confuse milk thistle with blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus). Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May. Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases. Zhang, J., Luan, Q., Liu, Y., Lee, D. Y., and Wang, Z. 1975;25(1):89-96. Weyhenmeyer, R., Mascher, H., and Birkmayer, J. View abstract. Asghar, Z. and Masood, Z. Acta Med Hung. A pilot randomized, comparative clinical trial. Cell Biochem Funct. It can help prevent elevation of liver enzymes, which can be a side effect of the medication. Taking milk thistle along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to be too low. Wider research shows that tea tree oil has. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings). Kim CS, Choi SJ, Park CY, et al. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, don't use these extracts. Karimi G, et al. The leaves also have unique white markings that, according to legend, were the Virgin Mary's milk. View abstract. View abstract. Planta Med 1980;38(3):227-237. 10-10-1980;92(19):678-683. Insulin is responsible for managing blood sugar levels in the blood, which is especially important for those with diabetes. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking tamoxifen (Nolvadex). Milk thistle: Effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects. Milk thistle is a natural herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Basaga, H., Poli, G., Tekkaya, C., and Aras, I. View abstract. Taking milk thistle might decrease how well the liver breaks down sirolimus (Rapamune). A., Reiberger, T., Rutter, K., Beinhardt, S., Staettermayer, A. F., Peck-Radosavljevic, M., and Ferenci, P. Successful HCV eradication and inhibition of HIV replication by intravenous silibinin in an HIV-HCV coinfected patient. 200 mg of a different silymarin product (Luna Co., Cairo, Egypt) has been daily for 120 days. The liver is actually our largest internal organ and is responsible for performing a number of essential detoxifying functions. 2009;16(5):391-400. View abstract. Buzzelli G, Moscarella S, Giusti A, et al. But silymarins antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties might protect your noggin from the damaging effects of free radicals, which could promote healthier brain function as you age. (2012). Tanamly MD, Tadros F, Labeeb S, et al. Curr.Pharm.Des 2010;16(26):2935-2947. Dosage recommendations can range, but most advise taking anywhere between 20300 milligrams daily. 2010;18(5):385-386. Scand J Gastroenterol 1982;17:517-21. Unger, M. [Pharmacokinetic drug interactions by herbal drugs: Critical evaluation and clinical relevance]. View abstract. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. Its unclear what benefits, if any, it may have in the body, but its sometimes used as a natural treatment for things including cirrhosis, jaundice, hepatitis, and gallbladder disorders. FYI, experts havent actually studied the effects of milk thistle on asthma in humans. Jacobs, B. P., Dennehy, C., Ramirez, G., Sapp, J., and Lawrence, V. A. Its also known as St. Marys thistle, holy thistle and silybum. Doehmer J, Weiss G, McGregor GP, Appel K. Assessment of a dry extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for interference with human liver cytochrome-P450 activities. Lang, I., Deak, G., Nekam, K., Muzes, G., Gonzalez-Cabello, R., Gergely, P., and Feher, J. Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of antioxidant therapy. Steps to Take, Closer to a Cancer Cure? Gaedeke, J., Fels, L. M., Bokemeyer, C., Mengs, U., Stolte, H., and Lentzen, H. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity and protection by silibinin. Side effects. In fact, Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides was the first to describe milk thistles healing properties back in the year 40 A.D. (2006). Gastroparesis: What to Eat and What to Avoid, Newly Diagnosed With Crohn's? Palasciano G, Portincasa P, Palmieri V, and et al. 1996;11(1):55-62. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Eksp.Klin Farmakol. Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Milk thistle is a plant that is native to Europe and was brought to North America by early colonists. It can help prevent damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species, such asfree radicals. Vostalova J, Vidlar A, Ulrichova J, et al. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2008;21(3):249-254. View abstract. Fintelmann V. Zur Therapie der Fettleber mit Silymarin. But studies on heart benefits have only been done in people with diabetes. Researchers also have found that milk thistle improved insulin resistance, a key part of type 2 diabetes. Biochem.Pharmacol 6-15-1985;34(12):2209-2212. 2001;64(4):53-55. Find out more on the side effects of statins. Tiwari, P., Kumar, A., Balakrishnan, S., Kushwaha, H. S., and Mishra, K. P. Silibinin-induced apoptosis in MCF7 and T47D human breast carcinoma cells involves caspase-8 activation and mitochondrial pathway. Vrach Delo 1990;7:86-87. One 2006 study conducted by the Department of Pharmacology at the Institute of Medicinal Plants found that when diabetic patients were given silymarin extract over a four-month period, their fasting blood sugar and insulin levels improved significantly compared to patients receiving a placebo. Milk thistle contains the compound silymarin, a flavonoid thought to have antioxidant properties. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7. Huseini HF, Larijani B, Heshmat R, et al. Silymarin reduces hyperinsulinemia, malondialdehyde levels, and daily insulin need in cirrhotic diabetic patients. View abstract. 2022 Dr. Axe. View abstract. Milk thistle is commonly used for everything from weight loss to skin health to promoting breast milk production. 2012;60(6):896-903. White Rice vs. Brown Rice: Whats the Difference. Lahiri-Chatterjee, M., Katiyar, S. K., Mohan, R. R., and Agarwal, R. A flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, affords exceptionally high protection against tumor promotion in the SENCAR mouse skin tumorigenesis model. View abstract. View abstract. So if youre thinking about taking it, definitely talk with your healthcare provider first. View abstract. Milk thistle in liver diseases: Past, present, future. Zima, T., Kamenikova, L., Janebova, M., Buchar, E., Crkovska, J., and Tesar, V. The effect of silibinin on experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Eksp.Klin.Gastroenterol. Get the facts on milk thistle for the liver. New York, NY: DK Publ, Inc., 2000. Milk thistle sometimes causes a laxative effect. Milk thistle is now found throughout the eastern United States, California, and South America. Read If you purchase or grow a milk thistle plant, cut off the entire head and hang the plant upside down for about one week to draw out the seeds. View abstract. Milk thistle gets its name from the milky sap that comes out of the leaves when they are broken. View abstract. Taking milk thistle might affect how well the liver breaks down drugs. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. 1998;119(2):125-129. 8-15-1980;94(3):283-315. Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Differential in vitro effects of intravenous versus oral formulations of silibinin on the HCV life cycle and inflammation. View abstract. The plant grows up to 2 meters high and has large, bright purple flowers. Glutathiones biggest role is to help fight oxidative stress that leads to such diseases as cancer, diabetes, heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers disease. View abstract. Minerva Med 10-20-1981;72(40):2679-2688. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. View abstract. Biol Pharm Bull 1994;17:443-5. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) [Effects of supplementation with the antioxidant flavonoid, silymarin, in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-interferon + ribavirin. Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., de la Cruz, J. P., Rodriguez-Mendizabal, M., Blanco, E., and Sanchez, de la Cuesta. Rambaldi, A., Jacobs, B. P., and Gluud, C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. People with diabetes should use caution. 5-1-2012;52(9):1658-1665. Fundam.Clin.Pharmacol. Int.J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992;30(4):134-138. View abstract. View abstract. Flaig, T. W., Glode, M., Gustafson, D., van, Bokhoven A., Tao, Y., Wilson, S., Su, L. J., Li, Y., Harrison, G., Agarwal, R., Crawford, E. D., Lucia, M. S., and Pollak, M. A study of high-dose oral silybin-phytosome followed by prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Giorgi, V. S., Peracoli, M. T., Peracoli, J. C., Witkin, S. S., and Bannwart-Castro, C. F. Silibinin modulates the NF-kappab pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. The body breaks down some medications to get rid of them. Studlar M. Die Behandlung chronischer Leberkrankungen mit Silymarin und B-Vitaminen. Protection by the silybin-phospholipid complex IdB 1016. Take charge of your healthtalk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. 1976;26(1):69-73. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. About to go on vacation? The seeds are roasted for use as a coffee substitute. 1998;48(3):236-239. Strahlenther.Onkol. Milk thistle might increase how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Beckmann-Knopp S, Rietbrock S, Weyhenmeyer R, et al. Dehmlow, C., Murawski, N., and de Groot, H. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by silibinin in human cells. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. . Lirussi F, Nassuato G, Orlando R, and et al. 2011;9(1):1-6. Longe, J., ed. Because milk thistle is categorized as a supplement rather than a drug, its not subject to the same oversight and quality control from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that standard drugs are. Milk thistle might affect how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Gazz Med Ital 1974;133:628-635. El-Shitany NA, Hegazy S, El-Desoky K. Evidences for antiosteoporotic and selective estrogen receptor modulator activity of silymarin compared with ethinylestradiol in ovariectomized rats. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. This is problematic because they can become more solid and get lodged in the inner lining of your gallbladder. What is milk thistle? Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:551-6. The liver helps break down these medications. View abstract. Hum Toxicol 1983;2:183-95. Iran J.Diabetes Lipid Disord. View abstract. Since milk thistle may lower blood sugar, people with diabetes should check with their doctor before taking the herb as it may make their blood sugar fall too low. Wagoner, J., Morishima, C., Graf, T. N., Oberlies, N. H., Teissier, E., Pecheur, E. I., Tavis, J. E., and Polyak, S. J. Trinchet JC, Coste T, Levy VG. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It may have protective effects on the liver, preventing damage. This applies to both the surface of your skin and your organs, as antioxidants can protect your body from chronic disease. J Natl.Cancer Inst. Phytother Res 2006;20;1036-9. Use of selenium-silymarin mix reduces lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate specific antigen in men. Milk thistle might increase how much tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is absorbed by the body. So you should bring it up with your healthcare provider before giving it a try. Milk thistle: Early seeds of potential. Efficacy and safety of oral silymarin in comparison with oral doxycycline and their combination therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Eur Urol 2005;48(6):922-930. [Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102(9):744-745. (detailed description of each of the ratings). As an herb thats considered a hepatic, galactogogue, demulcent and cholagogue, milk thistle is considered one of the most common natural supplements for liver disorders in the U.S., thanks to its many health benefits. (2019). Grungreiff K, Albrecht M, and Strenge-Hesse A. This could decrease how well these medications work. Medical research suggests that milk thistle, combined with traditional treatment, can improve diabetes. The terms milk thistle and silymarin are often used interchangeably. Nassuato, G., Iemmolo, R. M., Strazzabosco, M., Lirussi, F., Deana, R., Francesconi, M. A., Muraca, M., Passera, D., Fragasso, A., Orlando, R., and . Milk thistle (PDQ) Health professional version. Desplaces, A., Choppin, J., Vogel, G., and Trost, W. The effects of silymarin on experimental phalloidine poisoning. 1988;45(3-4):287-295. Inhibitory effects of silibinin on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in human liver microsomes. (2008). Some people also call it Mary thistle and holy thistle. Cancer Res 2-1-1999;59(3):622-632. But experts say that the evidence isnt conclusive. Milk thistle is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with very few cases of side effects reported. Ladas, E. J., Kroll, D. J., Oberlies, N. H., Cheng, B., Ndao, D. H., Rheingold, S. R., and Kelly, K. M. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, pilot study of milk thistle for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Hikino, H., Kiso, Y., Wagner, H., and Fiebig, M. Antihepatotoxic actions of flavonolignans from Silybum marianum fruits. Am J Med 10-15-2002;113(6):506-515. 2009;68(1):47-60. Milk Thistle. Although its generally safe, you should talk to your doctor before starting supplementation if you are taking any medications or experience side effects like digestive distress. View abstract. Pade, D. and Stavchansky, S. Selection of bioavailability markers for herbal extracts based on in silico descriptors and their correlation to in vitro permeability.
Common Names:milk thistle, Mary thistle, holy thistle, Latin Names:Silybum marianum, synonym Carduus marianus. Int.J Clin Pharmacol.Ther. Hawke, R. L., Schrieber, S. J., Soule, T. A., Wen, Z., Smith, P. C., Reddy, K. R., Wahed, A. S., Belle, S. H., Afdhal, N. H., Navarro, V. J., Berman, J., Liu, Q. Y., Doo, E., and Fried, M. W. Silymarin ascending multiple oral dosing phase I study in noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C. J.Clin.Pharmacol. Anon. There is not enough scientific data to say whether or not milk thistle can help liver problems. 2010;49(2):131-133. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled clinical study. The silymarin found inmilk thistle can also protect against depletion of glutathione, which is a master antioxidant thats extremely useful at helping prevent disease formation. Monitor your blood sugar closely. Influence of Legalon(TM) 140 on the metabolism of collagen in patients with chronic liver disease--Review by measurement of PIIINP-values. Analysis and comparison of active constituents in commercial standardized silymarin extracts by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Also known by its scientific name, Silybum marianum, milk thistle grows mostly in California, although it can be grown in many other warm climates as well. Short term treatment of type II hyperlipoproteinaemia with silymarin. Medicinal herbs: modulation of estrogen action. Historically, people have used milk thistle for liver disorders and gallbladder problems. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking raloxifene (Evista). View abstract. Hruby K, Csomos G, Fuhrmann M, Thaler H. Chemotherapy of Amanita phalloides poisoning with intravenous silibinin. 9-9-1975;64(36):1145-1151. Finally, keep in mind that, although many holistic practitioners recommend milk thistle for dogs to help promote liver health, its best to talk to your vet before starting supplementation to keep your furry friends safe. Batakov, E. A. Planta Med 1991;57(2):A124-A125. Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Eurich, D., Bahra, M., Berg, T., Boas-Knoop, S., Biermer, M., Neuhaus, R., Neuhaus, P., and Neumann, U. Kassenarzt 1990;33:36-41. View abstract. What Are the Risks of Taking Milk Thistle? View abstract. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. Milk Thistle Constituents Inhibit Raloxifene Intestinal Glucuronidation: A Potential Clinically Relevant Natural Product-Drug Interaction. View abstract. View abstract. BMC.Gastroenterol. This might increase the effects and side effects of tamoxifen (Nolvadex). Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(5):537-545. By lowering LDL "bad" cholesterol levels, milk thistle may lower the chance of developing heart disease. View abstract. Foster S, Tyler VE. Biochem Pharmacol 5-28-1992;43(10):2111-2115. Natural Medicines website. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1279-87. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/EnforcementActivitiesbyFDA/CyberLetters/ucm126468.pdf (Accessed 4/2/15). Bhatia, N. and Agarwal, R. Detrimental effect of cancer preventive phytochemicals silymarin, genistein and epigallocatechin 3-gallate on epigenetic events in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Milk thistle is generally considered safe for most people, though it does have the potential to cause gastrointestinal issues, headaches, and itchiness. Int J STD AIDS. Silybin inactivates cytochromes P450 3A4 and 2C9 and inhibits major hepatic glucuronosyltransferases. Life Sci 5-25-2001;69(1):75-86. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;33:127-37. J.Clin.Virol. View abstract. Anon. Carcinogenesis 2001;22:1399-403. Because the liver and other digestive organs, like thegallbladder, pancreas, intestines and kidneys, work closely togethertoimprove liver health, milk thistle is also able to help prevent gallstones and kidney stones. Leber Magen Darm 1977;7(5):318-323. People who took 140 milligrams silymarin and 100 milligrams doxycycline capsules daily for 8 weeks showed a reduction in acne lesions. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using milk thistle. Milk thistle can trigger allergic reactions. Milk thistle may interact with some medications, including allergy medicines, anti-anxiety drugs and blood thinners, among others. Valenzuela, A., Lagos, C., Schmidt, K., and Videla, L. A. Silymarin protection against hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by acute ethanol intoxication in the rat. Loguercio, C., Andreone, P., Brisc, C., Brisc, M. C., Bugianesi, E., Chiaramonte, M., Cursaro, C., Danila, M., de, Sio, I, Floreani, A., Freni, M. A., Grieco, A., Groppo, M., Lazzari, R., Lobello, S., Lorefice, E., Margotti, M., Miele, L., Milani, S., Okolicsanyi, L., Palasciano, G., Portincasa, P., Saltarelli, P., Smedile, A., Somalvico, F., Spadaro, A., Sporea, I., Sorrentino, P., Vecchione, R., Tuccillo, C., Del Vecchio, Blanco C., and Federico, A. Silybin combined with phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Gharagozloo, M., Moayedi, B., Zakerinia, M., Hamidi, M., Karimi, M., Maracy, M., and Amirghofran, Z. Saller R, Brignoli R, Melzer J, Meier R. An updated systematic review with meta-analysis for the clinical evidence of silymarin. View abstract. Talk with your doctor before using milk thistle if: Milk thistles antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties could potentially deliver a number of health benefits. Brinda, B. J., Zhu, H. J., and Markowitz, J. S. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous analysis of the major active components of silymarin in human plasma. Keep the seeds and leaves in the freezer to make them last longer and retain their powerful nutrients. What Is Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health? Treatment of hepatitis C-virus-reinfection after liver transplant with silibinin in nonresponders to pegylated interferon-based therapy. Prog.Clin Biol Res 1986;213:319-331. You can see why liver problems and poor liver function can create so many problems! Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(1):2-8. View abstract. The most common side effects arent serious and include gastrointestinal upset, such as a mild laxative effect. Ren Fail. The best doses of milk thistle have not been established for any condition it may be used to treat. Sonnenbichler J and Zetl I. The valuable antioxidants found in milk thistle have been reported in experimental and clinical studies to help decrease blood sugar levels in people with insulin resistance. This is likely true because the liver is partially responsible for regulating hormones, including the release of insulin into the bloodstream. View abstract. Milk thistle may produce allergic reactions, which tend to be more common among people who are allergic to plants in the same family (for example, ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, and daisy). View abstract. Other less common side effects are nausea, diarrhea, indigestion, intestinal gas, bloating, fullness or pain, and loss of appetite. View abstract. Some of these medications changed by the liver include acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and oxazepam (Serax), haloperidol (Haldol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), morphine (MS Contin, Roxanol), zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir), and others. Kanna Extract: Can This Herb Benefit the Brain? Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: About Herbs: Milk thistle., Natural Standard Patient Monograph: Milk thistle.. Protection against microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity by Silymarin: biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality. (2013.) View abstract. A small number of studies have suggested that milk thistle extract might be beneficial for diabetes, but the conclusions about its effectiveness are not definite. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. 7-14-1978;73(28-29):1060-1065. People who have diabetes or endometriosis should check with a doctor before using milk thistle. Arzneimittelforschung. De Martiis, M., Fontana, M., Assogna, G., D'Ottavi, R., and D'Ottavi, O. Moosavifar, N., Mohammadpour, A. H., Jallali, M., Karimiz, G., and Saberi, H. Evaluation of effect of silymarin on granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular development in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. View abstract. Widely available as a supplement, you can get it as a powder, in capsules, or as an extract. Studies have shown a decrease in blood sugar levels and an improvement in cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes. The downside? (silymarin) in the treatment of type II diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Marena C and Lampertico M. Preliminary clinical development of silipide: a new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Occasionally, people report various digestive side effects. 1998;48(11):1104-1106. We rounded up the best Whole30 meal delivery service to help you save lots of kitchen time and label-reading energy. Milk thistle is taken by mouth most often for liver disorders, including liver damage caused by chemicals, alcohol, and chemotherapy, as well as liver damage caused by Amanita phalloides (death cap) mushroom poisoning, jaundice, chronic inflammatory liver disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and chronic hepatitis. Telecommunications relay service (TRS): 7-1-1, Email: info@nccih.nih.gov (link sends email). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000;10:157-60. Feher J, Deak G, Muzes G, et al. View abstract. View abstract. with fluoxetine in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. View abstract. Savio, D., Harrasser, P. C., and Basso, G. Softgel capsule technology as an enhancer device for the absorption of natural principles in humans. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, Xu Q, Chen X. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. Taking milk thistle along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. View abstract. View abstract. Benefit of medicinal liver therapy in general practice. Theoretically, milk thistle might change the levels of some medications used for lowering cholesterol (statins). The efficacy of silybum marianum (L.) gaertn. Acta Med Hung 1988;45:249-56. Salmi HA, Sarna S. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. While its tempting to believe that anything with antioxidants = really good for you, the truth is, theres only a small amount of evidence backing milk thistles potential health benefits and not much showing that itll do anything to help your hangover (damn). Silymarin, a chemical found in milk thistle, can decrease blood sugar levels. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Coadministration of milk thistle and indinavir in healthy subjects. 2008;5(4):665-671. View abstract. Lee JI, Narayan M, Barrett JS. If youve ever heard anything about milk thistle a prickly plant named for the white veins on its leaves it might be that it can help your liver detox after a big night of boozing. This could increase the effects and side effects of sirolimus (Rapamune). People who are allergic to artichokes, kiwi, ragweed, daisies, marigolds, and chrysanthemums are at higher risk. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you take any medications that are changed by the liver. View abstract. Here's what we found out. Fish are among the healthiest omega-3 foods out there. Some people take milk thistle by mouth for diabetes, kidney damage caused by diabetes, hangover, diseases of the spleen, prostate cancer, inflammation in the lungs and chest, malaria, depression, uterine complaints, increasing breast milk flow, allergy symptoms, starting menstrual flow, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, high cholesterol, and menopausal symptoms. 1993;13(12):725-6, 708. Phytomedicine. Theres some evidence that milk thistle can treat cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, which can be caused by alcohol abuse, autoimmune disease, or viruses. The flavanolignan silybin and its hemisynthetic derivatives, a novel series of potential modulators of P-glycoprotein. Long-term (12 months) treatment with an anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic diabetic patients. View abstract. J Herb Pharmacother 2002;2:11-7. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. View abstract. Milk thistle is also taken by mouth for loss of appetite, heartburn (dyspepsia), gallbladder complaints, enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia), a blood disorder called beta-thalassemia, and infertility. Milk thistles protective qualities of the skin make it great for reducing visible signs ofaging, so consuming milk thistle may be an easy way to prevent skin cancer and skin damage, such as acne, dark spots, wrinkles, lines and discoloration. Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Siegal A, et al. View abstract. If you are taking any medications, speak with your health care provider to prevent any milk thistle interactions before starting supplementation. 1997;15(1):27-33. This antioxidant stimulates protein synthesis and changes the outside layer of healthy cells, keeping them protected from damage and mutation. Morteza M, et al. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Biochem.Pharmacol 10-12-1995;50(8):1313-1316. Yakoot, M. and Salem, A. Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Sonnenbichler, J., Goldberg, M., Hane, L., Madubunyi, I., Vogl, S., and Zetl, I. Stimulatory effect of Silibinin on the DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomized rat livers: non-response in hepatoma and other malign cell lines. View abstract. View abstract. But milk thistle does not seem to affect how quickly the body breaks down indinavir (Reyataz). Theres conflicting research on the benefits of milk thistle for liver health. Don't confuse milk thistle with blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus). Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May. Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases. Zhang, J., Luan, Q., Liu, Y., Lee, D. Y., and Wang, Z. 1975;25(1):89-96. Weyhenmeyer, R., Mascher, H., and Birkmayer, J. View abstract. Asghar, Z. and Masood, Z. Acta Med Hung. A pilot randomized, comparative clinical trial. Cell Biochem Funct. It can help prevent elevation of liver enzymes, which can be a side effect of the medication. Taking milk thistle along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to be too low. Wider research shows that tea tree oil has. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings). Kim CS, Choi SJ, Park CY, et al. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, don't use these extracts. Karimi G, et al. The leaves also have unique white markings that, according to legend, were the Virgin Mary's milk. View abstract. View abstract. Planta Med 1980;38(3):227-237. 10-10-1980;92(19):678-683. Insulin is responsible for managing blood sugar levels in the blood, which is especially important for those with diabetes. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking tamoxifen (Nolvadex). Milk thistle: Effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects. Milk thistle is a natural herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Basaga, H., Poli, G., Tekkaya, C., and Aras, I. View abstract. Taking milk thistle might decrease how well the liver breaks down sirolimus (Rapamune). A., Reiberger, T., Rutter, K., Beinhardt, S., Staettermayer, A. F., Peck-Radosavljevic, M., and Ferenci, P. Successful HCV eradication and inhibition of HIV replication by intravenous silibinin in an HIV-HCV coinfected patient. 200 mg of a different silymarin product (Luna Co., Cairo, Egypt) has been daily for 120 days. The liver is actually our largest internal organ and is responsible for performing a number of essential detoxifying functions. 2009;16(5):391-400. View abstract. Buzzelli G, Moscarella S, Giusti A, et al. But silymarins antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties might protect your noggin from the damaging effects of free radicals, which could promote healthier brain function as you age. (2012). Tanamly MD, Tadros F, Labeeb S, et al. Curr.Pharm.Des 2010;16(26):2935-2947. Dosage recommendations can range, but most advise taking anywhere between 20300 milligrams daily. 2010;18(5):385-386. Scand J Gastroenterol 1982;17:517-21. Unger, M. [Pharmacokinetic drug interactions by herbal drugs: Critical evaluation and clinical relevance]. View abstract. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. Its unclear what benefits, if any, it may have in the body, but its sometimes used as a natural treatment for things including cirrhosis, jaundice, hepatitis, and gallbladder disorders. FYI, experts havent actually studied the effects of milk thistle on asthma in humans. Jacobs, B. P., Dennehy, C., Ramirez, G., Sapp, J., and Lawrence, V. A. Its also known as St. Marys thistle, holy thistle and silybum. Doehmer J, Weiss G, McGregor GP, Appel K. Assessment of a dry extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for interference with human liver cytochrome-P450 activities. Lang, I., Deak, G., Nekam, K., Muzes, G., Gonzalez-Cabello, R., Gergely, P., and Feher, J. Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of antioxidant therapy. Steps to Take, Closer to a Cancer Cure? Gaedeke, J., Fels, L. M., Bokemeyer, C., Mengs, U., Stolte, H., and Lentzen, H. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity and protection by silibinin. Side effects. In fact, Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides was the first to describe milk thistles healing properties back in the year 40 A.D. (2006). Gastroparesis: What to Eat and What to Avoid, Newly Diagnosed With Crohn's? Palasciano G, Portincasa P, Palmieri V, and et al. 1996;11(1):55-62. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Eksp.Klin Farmakol. Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Milk thistle is a plant that is native to Europe and was brought to North America by early colonists. It can help prevent damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species, such asfree radicals. Vostalova J, Vidlar A, Ulrichova J, et al. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2008;21(3):249-254. View abstract. Fintelmann V. Zur Therapie der Fettleber mit Silymarin. But studies on heart benefits have only been done in people with diabetes. Researchers also have found that milk thistle improved insulin resistance, a key part of type 2 diabetes. Biochem.Pharmacol 6-15-1985;34(12):2209-2212. 2001;64(4):53-55. Find out more on the side effects of statins. Tiwari, P., Kumar, A., Balakrishnan, S., Kushwaha, H. S., and Mishra, K. P. Silibinin-induced apoptosis in MCF7 and T47D human breast carcinoma cells involves caspase-8 activation and mitochondrial pathway. Vrach Delo 1990;7:86-87. One 2006 study conducted by the Department of Pharmacology at the Institute of Medicinal Plants found that when diabetic patients were given silymarin extract over a four-month period, their fasting blood sugar and insulin levels improved significantly compared to patients receiving a placebo. Milk thistle contains the compound silymarin, a flavonoid thought to have antioxidant properties. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7. Huseini HF, Larijani B, Heshmat R, et al. Silymarin reduces hyperinsulinemia, malondialdehyde levels, and daily insulin need in cirrhotic diabetic patients. View abstract. 2022 Dr. Axe. View abstract. Milk thistle is commonly used for everything from weight loss to skin health to promoting breast milk production. 2012;60(6):896-903. White Rice vs. Brown Rice: Whats the Difference. Lahiri-Chatterjee, M., Katiyar, S. K., Mohan, R. R., and Agarwal, R. A flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, affords exceptionally high protection against tumor promotion in the SENCAR mouse skin tumorigenesis model. View abstract. View abstract. So if youre thinking about taking it, definitely talk with your healthcare provider first. View abstract. Milk thistle in liver diseases: Past, present, future. Zima, T., Kamenikova, L., Janebova, M., Buchar, E., Crkovska, J., and Tesar, V. The effect of silibinin on experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Eksp.Klin.Gastroenterol. Get the facts on milk thistle for the liver. New York, NY: DK Publ, Inc., 2000. Milk thistle sometimes causes a laxative effect. Milk thistle is now found throughout the eastern United States, California, and South America. Read If you purchase or grow a milk thistle plant, cut off the entire head and hang the plant upside down for about one week to draw out the seeds. View abstract. Milk thistle gets its name from the milky sap that comes out of the leaves when they are broken. View abstract. Taking milk thistle might affect how well the liver breaks down drugs. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. 1998;119(2):125-129. 8-15-1980;94(3):283-315. Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Differential in vitro effects of intravenous versus oral formulations of silibinin on the HCV life cycle and inflammation. View abstract. The plant grows up to 2 meters high and has large, bright purple flowers. Glutathiones biggest role is to help fight oxidative stress that leads to such diseases as cancer, diabetes, heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers disease. View abstract. Minerva Med 10-20-1981;72(40):2679-2688. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. View abstract. Biol Pharm Bull 1994;17:443-5. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) [Effects of supplementation with the antioxidant flavonoid, silymarin, in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-interferon + ribavirin. Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., de la Cruz, J. P., Rodriguez-Mendizabal, M., Blanco, E., and Sanchez, de la Cuesta. Rambaldi, A., Jacobs, B. P., and Gluud, C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. People with diabetes should use caution. 5-1-2012;52(9):1658-1665. Fundam.Clin.Pharmacol. Int.J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992;30(4):134-138. View abstract. View abstract. Flaig, T. W., Glode, M., Gustafson, D., van, Bokhoven A., Tao, Y., Wilson, S., Su, L. J., Li, Y., Harrison, G., Agarwal, R., Crawford, E. D., Lucia, M. S., and Pollak, M. A study of high-dose oral silybin-phytosome followed by prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Giorgi, V. S., Peracoli, M. T., Peracoli, J. C., Witkin, S. S., and Bannwart-Castro, C. F. Silibinin modulates the NF-kappab pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. The body breaks down some medications to get rid of them. Studlar M. Die Behandlung chronischer Leberkrankungen mit Silymarin und B-Vitaminen. Protection by the silybin-phospholipid complex IdB 1016. Take charge of your healthtalk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. 1976;26(1):69-73. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. About to go on vacation? The seeds are roasted for use as a coffee substitute. 1998;48(3):236-239. Strahlenther.Onkol. Milk thistle might increase how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Beckmann-Knopp S, Rietbrock S, Weyhenmeyer R, et al. Dehmlow, C., Murawski, N., and de Groot, H. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by silibinin in human cells. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. . Lirussi F, Nassuato G, Orlando R, and et al. 2011;9(1):1-6. Longe, J., ed. Because milk thistle is categorized as a supplement rather than a drug, its not subject to the same oversight and quality control from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that standard drugs are. Milk thistle might affect how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Gazz Med Ital 1974;133:628-635. El-Shitany NA, Hegazy S, El-Desoky K. Evidences for antiosteoporotic and selective estrogen receptor modulator activity of silymarin compared with ethinylestradiol in ovariectomized rats. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. This is problematic because they can become more solid and get lodged in the inner lining of your gallbladder. What is milk thistle? Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:551-6. The liver helps break down these medications. View abstract. Hum Toxicol 1983;2:183-95. Iran J.Diabetes Lipid Disord. View abstract. Since milk thistle may lower blood sugar, people with diabetes should check with their doctor before taking the herb as it may make their blood sugar fall too low. Wagoner, J., Morishima, C., Graf, T. N., Oberlies, N. H., Teissier, E., Pecheur, E. I., Tavis, J. E., and Polyak, S. J. Trinchet JC, Coste T, Levy VG. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It may have protective effects on the liver, preventing damage. This applies to both the surface of your skin and your organs, as antioxidants can protect your body from chronic disease. J Natl.Cancer Inst. Phytother Res 2006;20;1036-9. Use of selenium-silymarin mix reduces lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate specific antigen in men. Milk thistle might increase how much tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is absorbed by the body. So you should bring it up with your healthcare provider before giving it a try. Milk thistle: Early seeds of potential. Efficacy and safety of oral silymarin in comparison with oral doxycycline and their combination therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Eur Urol 2005;48(6):922-930. [Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102(9):744-745. (detailed description of each of the ratings). As an herb thats considered a hepatic, galactogogue, demulcent and cholagogue, milk thistle is considered one of the most common natural supplements for liver disorders in the U.S., thanks to its many health benefits. (2019). Grungreiff K, Albrecht M, and Strenge-Hesse A. This could decrease how well these medications work. Medical research suggests that milk thistle, combined with traditional treatment, can improve diabetes. The terms milk thistle and silymarin are often used interchangeably. Nassuato, G., Iemmolo, R. M., Strazzabosco, M., Lirussi, F., Deana, R., Francesconi, M. A., Muraca, M., Passera, D., Fragasso, A., Orlando, R., and . Milk thistle (PDQ) Health professional version. Desplaces, A., Choppin, J., Vogel, G., and Trost, W. The effects of silymarin on experimental phalloidine poisoning. 1988;45(3-4):287-295. Inhibitory effects of silibinin on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in human liver microsomes. (2008). Some people also call it Mary thistle and holy thistle. Cancer Res 2-1-1999;59(3):622-632. But experts say that the evidence isnt conclusive. Milk thistle is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with very few cases of side effects reported. Ladas, E. J., Kroll, D. J., Oberlies, N. H., Cheng, B., Ndao, D. H., Rheingold, S. R., and Kelly, K. M. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, pilot study of milk thistle for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Hikino, H., Kiso, Y., Wagner, H., and Fiebig, M. Antihepatotoxic actions of flavonolignans from Silybum marianum fruits. Am J Med 10-15-2002;113(6):506-515. 2009;68(1):47-60. Milk Thistle. Although its generally safe, you should talk to your doctor before starting supplementation if you are taking any medications or experience side effects like digestive distress. View abstract. Pade, D. and Stavchansky, S. Selection of bioavailability markers for herbal extracts based on in silico descriptors and their correlation to in vitro permeability.
Talk with your doctor before using milk thistle if: Milk thistles antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties could potentially deliver a number of health benefits. Brinda, B. J., Zhu, H. J., and Markowitz, J. S. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous analysis of the major active components of silymarin in human plasma. Keep the seeds and leaves in the freezer to make them last longer and retain their powerful nutrients. What Is Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health? Treatment of hepatitis C-virus-reinfection after liver transplant with silibinin in nonresponders to pegylated interferon-based therapy. Prog.Clin Biol Res 1986;213:319-331. You can see why liver problems and poor liver function can create so many problems! Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(1):2-8. View abstract. The most common side effects arent serious and include gastrointestinal upset, such as a mild laxative effect. Ren Fail. The best doses of milk thistle have not been established for any condition it may be used to treat. Sonnenbichler J and Zetl I. The valuable antioxidants found in milk thistle have been reported in experimental and clinical studies to help decrease blood sugar levels in people with insulin resistance. This is likely true because the liver is partially responsible for regulating hormones, including the release of insulin into the bloodstream. View abstract. Milk thistle may produce allergic reactions, which tend to be more common among people who are allergic to plants in the same family (for example, ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, and daisy). View abstract. Other less common side effects are nausea, diarrhea, indigestion, intestinal gas, bloating, fullness or pain, and loss of appetite. View abstract. Some of these medications changed by the liver include acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and oxazepam (Serax), haloperidol (Haldol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), morphine (MS Contin, Roxanol), zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir), and others. Kanna Extract: Can This Herb Benefit the Brain? Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: About Herbs: Milk thistle., Natural Standard Patient Monograph: Milk thistle.. Protection against microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity by Silymarin: biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality. (2013.) View abstract. A small number of studies have suggested that milk thistle extract might be beneficial for diabetes, but the conclusions about its effectiveness are not definite. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. 7-14-1978;73(28-29):1060-1065. People who have diabetes or endometriosis should check with a doctor before using milk thistle. Arzneimittelforschung. De Martiis, M., Fontana, M., Assogna, G., D'Ottavi, R., and D'Ottavi, O. Moosavifar, N., Mohammadpour, A. H., Jallali, M., Karimiz, G., and Saberi, H. Evaluation of effect of silymarin on granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular development in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. View abstract. Widely available as a supplement, you can get it as a powder, in capsules, or as an extract. Studies have shown a decrease in blood sugar levels and an improvement in cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes. The downside? (silymarin) in the treatment of type II diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Marena C and Lampertico M. Preliminary clinical development of silipide: a new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Occasionally, people report various digestive side effects. 1998;48(11):1104-1106. We rounded up the best Whole30 meal delivery service to help you save lots of kitchen time and label-reading energy. Milk thistle is taken by mouth most often for liver disorders, including liver damage caused by chemicals, alcohol, and chemotherapy, as well as liver damage caused by Amanita phalloides (death cap) mushroom poisoning, jaundice, chronic inflammatory liver disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and chronic hepatitis. Telecommunications relay service (TRS): 7-1-1, Email: info@nccih.nih.gov (link sends email). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000;10:157-60. Feher J, Deak G, Muzes G, et al. View abstract. View abstract. with fluoxetine in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. View abstract. Savio, D., Harrasser, P. C., and Basso, G. Softgel capsule technology as an enhancer device for the absorption of natural principles in humans. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, Xu Q, Chen X. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. Taking milk thistle along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. View abstract. View abstract. Benefit of medicinal liver therapy in general practice. Theoretically, milk thistle might change the levels of some medications used for lowering cholesterol (statins). The efficacy of silybum marianum (L.) gaertn. Acta Med Hung 1988;45:249-56. Salmi HA, Sarna S. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. While its tempting to believe that anything with antioxidants = really good for you, the truth is, theres only a small amount of evidence backing milk thistles potential health benefits and not much showing that itll do anything to help your hangover (damn). Silymarin, a chemical found in milk thistle, can decrease blood sugar levels. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Coadministration of milk thistle and indinavir in healthy subjects. 2008;5(4):665-671. View abstract. Lee JI, Narayan M, Barrett JS. If youve ever heard anything about milk thistle a prickly plant named for the white veins on its leaves it might be that it can help your liver detox after a big night of boozing. This could increase the effects and side effects of sirolimus (Rapamune). People who are allergic to artichokes, kiwi, ragweed, daisies, marigolds, and chrysanthemums are at higher risk. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you take any medications that are changed by the liver. View abstract. Here's what we found out. Fish are among the healthiest omega-3 foods out there. Some people take milk thistle by mouth for diabetes, kidney damage caused by diabetes, hangover, diseases of the spleen, prostate cancer, inflammation in the lungs and chest, malaria, depression, uterine complaints, increasing breast milk flow, allergy symptoms, starting menstrual flow, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, high cholesterol, and menopausal symptoms. 1993;13(12):725-6, 708. Phytomedicine. Theres some evidence that milk thistle can treat cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, which can be caused by alcohol abuse, autoimmune disease, or viruses. The flavanolignan silybin and its hemisynthetic derivatives, a novel series of potential modulators of P-glycoprotein. Long-term (12 months) treatment with an anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic diabetic patients. View abstract. J Herb Pharmacother 2002;2:11-7. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. View abstract. Milk thistle is also taken by mouth for loss of appetite, heartburn (dyspepsia), gallbladder complaints, enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia), a blood disorder called beta-thalassemia, and infertility. Milk thistles protective qualities of the skin make it great for reducing visible signs ofaging, so consuming milk thistle may be an easy way to prevent skin cancer and skin damage, such as acne, dark spots, wrinkles, lines and discoloration. Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Siegal A, et al. View abstract. If you are taking any medications, speak with your health care provider to prevent any milk thistle interactions before starting supplementation. 1997;15(1):27-33. This antioxidant stimulates protein synthesis and changes the outside layer of healthy cells, keeping them protected from damage and mutation. Morteza M, et al. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Biochem.Pharmacol 10-12-1995;50(8):1313-1316. Yakoot, M. and Salem, A. Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Sonnenbichler, J., Goldberg, M., Hane, L., Madubunyi, I., Vogl, S., and Zetl, I. Stimulatory effect of Silibinin on the DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomized rat livers: non-response in hepatoma and other malign cell lines. View abstract. View abstract. But milk thistle does not seem to affect how quickly the body breaks down indinavir (Reyataz). Theres conflicting research on the benefits of milk thistle for liver health. Don't confuse milk thistle with blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus). Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May. Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases. Zhang, J., Luan, Q., Liu, Y., Lee, D. Y., and Wang, Z. 1975;25(1):89-96. Weyhenmeyer, R., Mascher, H., and Birkmayer, J. View abstract. Asghar, Z. and Masood, Z. Acta Med Hung. A pilot randomized, comparative clinical trial. Cell Biochem Funct. It can help prevent elevation of liver enzymes, which can be a side effect of the medication. Taking milk thistle along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to be too low. Wider research shows that tea tree oil has. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings). Kim CS, Choi SJ, Park CY, et al. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, don't use these extracts. Karimi G, et al. The leaves also have unique white markings that, according to legend, were the Virgin Mary's milk. View abstract. View abstract. Planta Med 1980;38(3):227-237. 10-10-1980;92(19):678-683. Insulin is responsible for managing blood sugar levels in the blood, which is especially important for those with diabetes. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking tamoxifen (Nolvadex). Milk thistle: Effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects. Milk thistle is a natural herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Basaga, H., Poli, G., Tekkaya, C., and Aras, I. View abstract. Taking milk thistle might decrease how well the liver breaks down sirolimus (Rapamune). A., Reiberger, T., Rutter, K., Beinhardt, S., Staettermayer, A. F., Peck-Radosavljevic, M., and Ferenci, P. Successful HCV eradication and inhibition of HIV replication by intravenous silibinin in an HIV-HCV coinfected patient. 200 mg of a different silymarin product (Luna Co., Cairo, Egypt) has been daily for 120 days. The liver is actually our largest internal organ and is responsible for performing a number of essential detoxifying functions. 2009;16(5):391-400. View abstract. Buzzelli G, Moscarella S, Giusti A, et al. But silymarins antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties might protect your noggin from the damaging effects of free radicals, which could promote healthier brain function as you age. (2012). Tanamly MD, Tadros F, Labeeb S, et al. Curr.Pharm.Des 2010;16(26):2935-2947. Dosage recommendations can range, but most advise taking anywhere between 20300 milligrams daily. 2010;18(5):385-386. Scand J Gastroenterol 1982;17:517-21. Unger, M. [Pharmacokinetic drug interactions by herbal drugs: Critical evaluation and clinical relevance]. View abstract. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. Its unclear what benefits, if any, it may have in the body, but its sometimes used as a natural treatment for things including cirrhosis, jaundice, hepatitis, and gallbladder disorders. FYI, experts havent actually studied the effects of milk thistle on asthma in humans. Jacobs, B. P., Dennehy, C., Ramirez, G., Sapp, J., and Lawrence, V. A. Its also known as St. Marys thistle, holy thistle and silybum. Doehmer J, Weiss G, McGregor GP, Appel K. Assessment of a dry extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for interference with human liver cytochrome-P450 activities. Lang, I., Deak, G., Nekam, K., Muzes, G., Gonzalez-Cabello, R., Gergely, P., and Feher, J. Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of antioxidant therapy. Steps to Take, Closer to a Cancer Cure? Gaedeke, J., Fels, L. M., Bokemeyer, C., Mengs, U., Stolte, H., and Lentzen, H. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity and protection by silibinin. Side effects. In fact, Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides was the first to describe milk thistles healing properties back in the year 40 A.D. (2006). Gastroparesis: What to Eat and What to Avoid, Newly Diagnosed With Crohn's? Palasciano G, Portincasa P, Palmieri V, and et al. 1996;11(1):55-62. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Eksp.Klin Farmakol. Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Milk thistle is a plant that is native to Europe and was brought to North America by early colonists. It can help prevent damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species, such asfree radicals. Vostalova J, Vidlar A, Ulrichova J, et al. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2008;21(3):249-254. View abstract. Fintelmann V. Zur Therapie der Fettleber mit Silymarin. But studies on heart benefits have only been done in people with diabetes. Researchers also have found that milk thistle improved insulin resistance, a key part of type 2 diabetes. Biochem.Pharmacol 6-15-1985;34(12):2209-2212. 2001;64(4):53-55. Find out more on the side effects of statins. Tiwari, P., Kumar, A., Balakrishnan, S., Kushwaha, H. S., and Mishra, K. P. Silibinin-induced apoptosis in MCF7 and T47D human breast carcinoma cells involves caspase-8 activation and mitochondrial pathway. Vrach Delo 1990;7:86-87. One 2006 study conducted by the Department of Pharmacology at the Institute of Medicinal Plants found that when diabetic patients were given silymarin extract over a four-month period, their fasting blood sugar and insulin levels improved significantly compared to patients receiving a placebo. Milk thistle contains the compound silymarin, a flavonoid thought to have antioxidant properties. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7. Huseini HF, Larijani B, Heshmat R, et al. Silymarin reduces hyperinsulinemia, malondialdehyde levels, and daily insulin need in cirrhotic diabetic patients. View abstract. 2022 Dr. Axe. View abstract. Milk thistle is commonly used for everything from weight loss to skin health to promoting breast milk production. 2012;60(6):896-903. White Rice vs. Brown Rice: Whats the Difference. Lahiri-Chatterjee, M., Katiyar, S. K., Mohan, R. R., and Agarwal, R. A flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, affords exceptionally high protection against tumor promotion in the SENCAR mouse skin tumorigenesis model. View abstract. View abstract. So if youre thinking about taking it, definitely talk with your healthcare provider first. View abstract. Milk thistle in liver diseases: Past, present, future. Zima, T., Kamenikova, L., Janebova, M., Buchar, E., Crkovska, J., and Tesar, V. The effect of silibinin on experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Eksp.Klin.Gastroenterol. Get the facts on milk thistle for the liver. New York, NY: DK Publ, Inc., 2000. Milk thistle sometimes causes a laxative effect. Milk thistle is now found throughout the eastern United States, California, and South America. Read If you purchase or grow a milk thistle plant, cut off the entire head and hang the plant upside down for about one week to draw out the seeds. View abstract. Milk thistle gets its name from the milky sap that comes out of the leaves when they are broken. View abstract. Taking milk thistle might affect how well the liver breaks down drugs. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. 1998;119(2):125-129. 8-15-1980;94(3):283-315. Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Differential in vitro effects of intravenous versus oral formulations of silibinin on the HCV life cycle and inflammation. View abstract. The plant grows up to 2 meters high and has large, bright purple flowers. Glutathiones biggest role is to help fight oxidative stress that leads to such diseases as cancer, diabetes, heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers disease. View abstract. Minerva Med 10-20-1981;72(40):2679-2688. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. View abstract. Biol Pharm Bull 1994;17:443-5. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) [Effects of supplementation with the antioxidant flavonoid, silymarin, in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-interferon + ribavirin. Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., de la Cruz, J. P., Rodriguez-Mendizabal, M., Blanco, E., and Sanchez, de la Cuesta. Rambaldi, A., Jacobs, B. P., and Gluud, C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. People with diabetes should use caution. 5-1-2012;52(9):1658-1665. Fundam.Clin.Pharmacol. Int.J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992;30(4):134-138. View abstract. View abstract. Flaig, T. W., Glode, M., Gustafson, D., van, Bokhoven A., Tao, Y., Wilson, S., Su, L. J., Li, Y., Harrison, G., Agarwal, R., Crawford, E. D., Lucia, M. S., and Pollak, M. A study of high-dose oral silybin-phytosome followed by prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Giorgi, V. S., Peracoli, M. T., Peracoli, J. C., Witkin, S. S., and Bannwart-Castro, C. F. Silibinin modulates the NF-kappab pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. The body breaks down some medications to get rid of them. Studlar M. Die Behandlung chronischer Leberkrankungen mit Silymarin und B-Vitaminen. Protection by the silybin-phospholipid complex IdB 1016. Take charge of your healthtalk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. 1976;26(1):69-73. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. About to go on vacation? The seeds are roasted for use as a coffee substitute. 1998;48(3):236-239. Strahlenther.Onkol. Milk thistle might increase how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Beckmann-Knopp S, Rietbrock S, Weyhenmeyer R, et al. Dehmlow, C., Murawski, N., and de Groot, H. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by silibinin in human cells. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. . Lirussi F, Nassuato G, Orlando R, and et al. 2011;9(1):1-6. Longe, J., ed. Because milk thistle is categorized as a supplement rather than a drug, its not subject to the same oversight and quality control from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that standard drugs are. Milk thistle might affect how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Gazz Med Ital 1974;133:628-635. El-Shitany NA, Hegazy S, El-Desoky K. Evidences for antiosteoporotic and selective estrogen receptor modulator activity of silymarin compared with ethinylestradiol in ovariectomized rats. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. This is problematic because they can become more solid and get lodged in the inner lining of your gallbladder. What is milk thistle? Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:551-6. The liver helps break down these medications. View abstract. Hum Toxicol 1983;2:183-95. Iran J.Diabetes Lipid Disord. View abstract. Since milk thistle may lower blood sugar, people with diabetes should check with their doctor before taking the herb as it may make their blood sugar fall too low. Wagoner, J., Morishima, C., Graf, T. N., Oberlies, N. H., Teissier, E., Pecheur, E. I., Tavis, J. E., and Polyak, S. J. Trinchet JC, Coste T, Levy VG. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It may have protective effects on the liver, preventing damage. This applies to both the surface of your skin and your organs, as antioxidants can protect your body from chronic disease. J Natl.Cancer Inst. Phytother Res 2006;20;1036-9. Use of selenium-silymarin mix reduces lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate specific antigen in men. Milk thistle might increase how much tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is absorbed by the body. So you should bring it up with your healthcare provider before giving it a try. Milk thistle: Early seeds of potential. Efficacy and safety of oral silymarin in comparison with oral doxycycline and their combination therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Eur Urol 2005;48(6):922-930. [Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102(9):744-745. (detailed description of each of the ratings). As an herb thats considered a hepatic, galactogogue, demulcent and cholagogue, milk thistle is considered one of the most common natural supplements for liver disorders in the U.S., thanks to its many health benefits. (2019). Grungreiff K, Albrecht M, and Strenge-Hesse A. This could decrease how well these medications work. Medical research suggests that milk thistle, combined with traditional treatment, can improve diabetes. The terms milk thistle and silymarin are often used interchangeably. Nassuato, G., Iemmolo, R. M., Strazzabosco, M., Lirussi, F., Deana, R., Francesconi, M. A., Muraca, M., Passera, D., Fragasso, A., Orlando, R., and . Milk thistle (PDQ) Health professional version. Desplaces, A., Choppin, J., Vogel, G., and Trost, W. The effects of silymarin on experimental phalloidine poisoning. 1988;45(3-4):287-295. Inhibitory effects of silibinin on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in human liver microsomes. (2008). Some people also call it Mary thistle and holy thistle. Cancer Res 2-1-1999;59(3):622-632. But experts say that the evidence isnt conclusive. Milk thistle is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with very few cases of side effects reported. Ladas, E. J., Kroll, D. J., Oberlies, N. H., Cheng, B., Ndao, D. H., Rheingold, S. R., and Kelly, K. M. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, pilot study of milk thistle for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Hikino, H., Kiso, Y., Wagner, H., and Fiebig, M. Antihepatotoxic actions of flavonolignans from Silybum marianum fruits. Am J Med 10-15-2002;113(6):506-515. 2009;68(1):47-60. Milk Thistle. Although its generally safe, you should talk to your doctor before starting supplementation if you are taking any medications or experience side effects like digestive distress. View abstract. Pade, D. and Stavchansky, S. Selection of bioavailability markers for herbal extracts based on in silico descriptors and their correlation to in vitro permeability.